As a budding country music rhythm guitarist, you may have found yourself feeling perplexed about the complexities of chord progressions. But fear not, understanding chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar can pave the way towards mastering this art. In this article, we will dive into the world of chords in country music, the importance of chord progressions, and explore some common chord progressions. We’ll also cover techniques for applying and enhancing your chord progressions, as well as advanced techniques for the more seasoned musician. Let’s explore the world of country music rhythm guitar together!
What are Chord Progressions?
As someone interested in guitar and country music, you have probably heard the term “chord progressions” thrown around a lot. But what exactly are chord progressions and why are they essential to rhythm guitar in country music? Chord progressions are a sequence of chords played together in a particular order to create a harmonious melody. Understanding chord progressions is critical for playing rhythm guitar in a way that complements the underlying melody and keeps the song moving forward. In this section, we will explore the different types of chord progressions commonly used in country music, giving you a deeper understanding of the music you love. Don’t forget to check out our rhythm guitar resources for country music to take your skills to the next level.
Explanation of Chords in Country Music
In order to understand chord progressions in country music, it’s important to have a basic understanding of chords themselves. Chords are simply a group of three or more notes played together to create a harmony. In country music, chords are often played in a particular order or pattern, known as a chord progression, to create a specific sound or feeling.
Country music typically relies heavily on basic chord structures, such as major and minor chords, as well as suspended and dominant chords. These chords are usually played on an acoustic guitar, which gives the music its warm and familiar sound.
Major Chords: These chords are typically used to convey a happy or uplifting feeling in country music. They are often represented by the letter “M” or a symbol such as a triangle.
Minor Chords: These chords are typically used to convey a sad or melancholy feeling in country music. They are often represented by the letter “m” or a lowercase letter symbol.
Suspended Chords: These chords are used to create a dreamy or ambiguous feeling in country music. They are often represented by the letters “sus” or a symbol such as “s” or “2” or “4.”
Dominant Chords: These chords are used to create a sense of tension or dissonance in country music. They are often represented by the letter “D” or a symbol such as “dom” or “7” or “9” or “13.”
By combining these and other chords in various patterns, country musicians can create a wide variety of different chord progressions. In the next section, we’ll explore some of the most common chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. Before we dive into those, however, it’s important to have a solid foundation in basic strumming techniques and rhythm. Check out our article on strumming acoustic guitar tips to improve your skills in this area.
Importance of Chord Progressions in Music
Knowing chord progressions is a fundamental skill for any guitarist, especially for those who aim to play rhythm guitar in country music genres. Chords form the backbone of any song and understanding how they work together can enhance a musician’s ability to create and perform music.
Chord progressions provide a structure for a song: Without chord progressions, music would just sound like a series of individual notes. However, when a combination of chords is used in a sequence, a melody is created, and the song is given structure. Chord progressions set the tone for a song and can evoke many different emotions just by the choice of chords. Some chord progressions create a happy and uplifting sound, while others have a melancholy and reflective feeling. It is essential to understand how chord progressions work in order to control and manipulate the emotional impact of a song.
Chord progressions make songs recognizable: Some chord progressions have become so ubiquitous in certain genres of music, that they have become synonymous with that genre. For example, the I-IV-V progression is very common in rock and roll, and the I-IV-vi-IV progression is a standard progression for pop music. In country music, there are also several popular chord progressions that have become recognizable and make songs easy to remember.
Chord progressions stimulate creativity: When a guitarist learns a new chord progression, they can not only apply it to existing songs they play but also create new songs based on that progression. Songwriters can use different chord progressions to convey different emotions, create different moods and vary the intensity of the song. Understanding chord progressions can help a musician write music and inspire new ideas.
Understanding chord progressions is vital for any musician, especially for those who play rhythm guitar in country music genres. Chord progressions provide the structure of the song, make songs recognizable, and stimulate creativity. Learning how to create different chord progressions and experimenting with different strumming patterns, rhythms, and chord inversions can lead to a distinctive sound for a musician. To improve your chord progression knowledge and take your playing to the next level, check out these essential guitar exercises for country musicians and these country rhythm guitar tips. Also, check out these tips on how to improve guitar timing and groove.
Common Chord Progressions in Country Music Rhythm Guitar
As you pick up a guitar and start strumming, the chords you choose create the backbone of your sound. In country music, mastering chord progressions is essential to creating that familiar twang and toe-tapping rhythm. Understanding the most common chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar will allow you to build a strong foundation and unlock your creativity with ease. With a few simple tricks and some practice, you’ll be on your way to creating those familiar country hits. For more tips on country rhythm guitar, check out our guide here.
I-IV-V Progression
One of the most common chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar is the I-IV-V progression. This progression utilizes the first, fourth, and fifth chords of the major scale to create a simple yet effective sound.
The I-IV-V progression is structured as follows:
| | Chord | Mood |
|——|——–|———|
| I | Major | Tonic |
| IV | Major | Subdominant |
| V | Major | Dominant |
The I chord serves as the tonic, or home base, of the progression. It creates a stable and grounded sound, making it the perfect starting point for any song. The IV chord, also known as the subdominant, adds a sense of tension and movement to the progression. This chord creates a feeling of “going somewhere” and creates a sense of anticipation for the next chord. Finally, the V chord, also known as the dominant, is the chord that brings resolution to the progression. It creates a sense of closure and finality, making it the perfect chord to conclude a song.
Examples of songs that feature the I-IV-V progression include:
- “Sweet Home Alabama” by Lynyrd Skynyrd
- “Folsom Prison Blues” by Johnny Cash
- “All Summer Long” by Kid Rock
When applying the I-IV-V progression in your own playing, it’s important to focus on your strumming pattern. Try experimenting with different strumming patterns to add variety and interest to the progression. Additionally, you can try experimenting with chord inversions and variations to create unique sounds.
The I-IV-V progression may seem simple, but the possibilities for variation and creativity are endless. As you become more comfortable with this progression, you can experiment with advanced techniques such as modal interchange, secondary dominants, and chromatic chord movement to take your playing to the next level.
I-V-vi-IV Progression
One of the most recognizable chord progressions in country music is the I-V-vi-IV progression. This progression has been used in countless hit songs and is considered a staple in the genre. Let’s take a closer look at what makes this progression so effective.
Root notes:
- The I chord is the root note or tonic chord of the key
- The V chord is the fifth note in the key
- The vi chord is the sixth note in the key
- The IV chord is the fourth note in the key
Chord progression:
- The I chord is played for one measure
- The V chord is played for one measure
- The vi chord is played for one measure
- The IV chord is played for one measure
The I-V-vi-IV progression has a simple and catchy melody that can be easily recognized and sung along to. The use of the vi chord adds a touch of melancholy that can evoke emotion from the listener.
Many popular country songs use this chord progression, such as “I’m Yours” by Jason Mraz, “Let Her Go” by Passenger, and “Sweet Home Alabama” by Lynyrd Skynyrd.
Tips for playing:
- Practice playing each chord smoothly and consistently
- Experiment with strumming patterns to add variety to the progression
- Try adding in variations, such as substituting the V chord for a vii chord or adding in a ii chord before the V chord
The I-V-vi-IV progression is a great tool for any country guitarist looking to add some catchiness and emotion to their music. With practice and experimentation, this chord progression can be a powerful addition to any song.
I-IV-v-IV Progression
One common chord progression found in country music rhythm guitar is the I-IV-v-IV progression. This progression is also known as the “Sadness” chord progression, as it has a melancholic and emotional sound. Let’s break down the chord progression step-by-step:
- The first chord, which is labeled as the “I” chord, is the tonic chord. This chord establishes the tonality of the song and provides a sense of stability. Typically, this chord will be a major chord.
- The second chord is the “IV” chord, which is called the subdominant chord. This chord provides a sense of departure from the tonic chord and is generally considered to have a brighter and more hopeful sound than the “I” chord.
- The third chord is the “v” chord, which is the minor version of the fifth chord in the key. This chord provides a sense of tension and instability, as it has a dissonant sound compared to the “I” and “IV” chords.
- The fourth and final chord is the “IV” chord again, which acts as a return to the subdominant chord. This chord provides a sense of closure and resolution to the progression.
The I-IV-v-IV progression is a powerful tool for evoking emotion and providing contrast in country music rhythm guitar. Many classic country songs utilize this progression to great effect, such as “He Stopped Loving Her Today” by George Jones and “Crying My Heart Out Over You” by Ricky Skaggs.
It’s important to note that while this chord progression generally tends to have a melancholic sound, it can still be used in a variety of contexts and with different strumming patterns to create unique and interesting songs.
ii-V-I Progression
The ii-V-I progression is one of the most important chord progressions in all of music, including country music rhythm guitar. This progression involves three chords: the ii chord, the V chord, and the I chord.
The ii chord is typically a minor chord, and is built off the second note of the major scale. In the key of C, for example, the ii chord would be a D minor chord.
The V chord in the ii-V-I progression is typically a dominant seventh chord, and is built off the fifth note of the major scale. In the key of C, the V chord would be a G dominant seventh chord.
The I chord is the tonic chord, and is built off the first note of the major scale. In the key of C, the I chord is a C major chord.
The beauty of this chord progression is the tension and resolution it creates. The ii chord sets up a sense of anticipation, which is then resolved by the V chord before finally resolving to the I chord.
Here is an example in the key of C:
- Dm7 – G7 – C
To play this progression, start with a D minor seventh chord, then move to a G dominant seventh chord, and finally resolve to a C major chord.
The ii-V-I progression is used in countless country music songs, so it’s important to have it in your tool kit as a rhythm guitarist. Experiment with different strumming patterns and chord voicings to keep things interesting.
Applying Chord Progressions in Country Music Rhythm Guitar
As a country music rhythm guitarist, it is important not only to understand chord progressions, but also know how to apply them effectively in your music. Applying chord progressions can really bring your country music alive and give it a unique character that sets it apart from other music genres. There are several techniques you can use to apply chord progressions in your country music style, which we will explore in this section. Let’s dive in and explore some ways to make your country music truly sing!
Strumming Patterns
One of the most important aspects of playing chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar is utilizing various strumming patterns to give the music a unique groove and style. Fortunately, there is a wide array of strumming patterns to choose from and incorporating them into your playing repertoire can help take your musicianship to the next level.
Here are some popular strumming patterns to consider:
- Downstrokes: This is the simplest strumming pattern and involves strumming all downstrokes in a steady rhythm. It’s often used in slow ballads and simpler songs.
- Upstrokes: This pattern involves strumming only upstrokes in a steady rhythm. It’s a great way to add some variety and dynamics to your playing, especially in faster songs.
- Down-up: As the name implies, this pattern involves strumming downstrokes followed by upstrokes, and is often used in basic rock and roll and country songs.
- Alternating: This is a more complex pattern that alternates between down-up strums. It’s useful for creating a more intricate and interesting rhythm.
- Fingerpicking: This technique involves plucking individual strings in a specific sequence to create a melody. It’s commonly used in acoustic country songs and ballads.
When incorporating strumming patterns into your playing, it’s important to keep the tempo consistent and not rush through the chord changes. It’s also helpful to practice with a metronome to develop a steady sense of rhythm.
Remember, strumming patterns are just one aspect of playing chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. Utilizing the correct chords, chord inversions, and adding flavor with seventh chords can also take your playing to the next level. Keep practicing and experimenting to develop your own unique style.
Chord Inversions and Variations
When it comes to chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar, there are various ways to add flair and make them sound more interesting. One way to achieve this is through the use of chord inversions and variations.
Chord inversions simply mean changing the order of the notes in the chord. For instance, the traditional C major chord is composed of the notes C, E, and G. However, playing the same notes in a different order, such as E, G, and C or G, C, and E, creates a different chord inversion that can add variety to the chord progression.
Another way to add variety is through chord variations. This involves substituting chords with similar ones to create a unique sound. For example, substituting a traditional major chord with a suspended chord or a diminished chord can help create a new, interesting sound in your progressions.
Here’s a table that shows some common chord variations and inversions:
Chord Type | Chord | Inversion/Substitute |
---|---|---|
Major | C | C/E, C/G, Cmaj7 |
Minor | Am | Am/C, Am/G |
7th | G7 | G7/B, G7/D, G7/F |
Suspended | Dsus4 | D |
Diminished | Bdim | Bdim7 |
Using chord inversions and variations can create a more dynamic and interesting progression, but it’s important to remember to use them tastefully and not overdo it. Too many variations can make a progression sound muddy and muddled. Also, remember to pay attention to the melody and use inversions and variations that harmonize well with it.
Chord inversions and variations can be useful tools in creating unique and interesting chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. By experimenting with different inversions and substitutes, you can create a sound that is uniquely yours while still staying true to the genre’s roots.
Adding Flavor with Seventh Chords
Seventh chords are a great way to “spice up” your chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. Adding a seventh note to a chord creates a richer, more complex sound that can add flavor to your music.
Here are some ways to use seventh chords in your country songs:
- Major Seventh Chords: These chords add a dreamy, ethereal sound to your progressions. They are commonly used in ballads and romantic songs. For example, instead of playing a plain old C chord, try playing a Cmaj7 chord. This adds a B note on top of the C chord, creating a unique and interesting sound.
- Dominant Seventh Chords: These chords are found in many blues and rockabilly songs, as well as country. They add a bluesy, gritty sound to your progressions. To make a dominant seventh chord, simply take a regular major chord and add a flattened seventh note. For example, instead of playing a G chord, play a G7 chord by adding an F note.
- Minor Seventh Chords: These chords have a melancholy, introspective sound that works well in ballads and sad songs. To make a minor seventh chord, take a regular minor chord and add a flattened seventh note. For example, instead of playing an A minor chord, try playing an Am7 chord.
- Diminished Seventh Chords: These chords add tension and dissonance to your progressions, creating a darker, more dramatic sound. To create a diminished seventh chord, take a regular diminished chord (which consists of a root note, a minor third, and a diminished fifth) and add a flattened seventh note. For example, instead of playing a B diminished chord, try playing a Bdim7 chord.
By adding seventh chords to your chord progressions, you can create more depth and interest in your country music rhythm guitar playing. Don’t be afraid to experiment and try out different chord variations to find the perfect sound for your song.
Advanced Techniques for Chord Progressions in Country Music Rhythm Guitar
As you advance in understanding chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar, you will find that there are many techniques that can take your playing to the next level. These advanced methods allow you to add more complexity and depth to your chord progressions, making your arrangements sound richer and more interesting. Let’s take a closer look at some of these methods, including modal interchange, secondary dominants, and chromatic chord movement. These techniques may sound complex and intimidating, but with a little practice, you can easily incorporate them into your playing repertoire. So, let’s explore what they are and how they can be applied to your next Country Music Rhythm Guitar piece.
Modal Interchange
Modal Interchange is an advanced technique used in country music to add complexity and depth to chord progressions. It involves borrowing chords from a parallel scale to create unexpected harmonic movements that capture the listener’s attention.
How does Modal Interchange work?
Modal Interchange works by borrowing chords from the parallel key. The parallel key is a scale that shares the same root note as the original key but has a different tonality. For example, if we’re playing in the key of C major, then the parallel key would be C minor. To borrow chords from the parallel key, we need to use chords that contain notes that are not in the original key.
Chords commonly used in Modal Interchange
Chord | Parallel Key | Function |
---|---|---|
III | Major | Creates a melancholic or dreamy atmosphere |
bIII | Minor | Adds tension to the progression |
VI | Major | Creates a bright or optimistic atmosphere |
bVI | Minor | Creates a somber or sad atmosphere |
Example of Modal Interchange in action
Let’s say we are playing in the key of G major and our chord progression is G – D – Em – C. To add some modal interchange, we could borrow the bIII chord from G minor, which is Bb. Our new progression would be G – D – Em – Bb – C. The bIII chord adds tension and gives the progression a unique sound that makes it stand out.
Using Modal Interchange in Country Music Rhythm Guitar
Modal Interchange is an advanced technique that can add complexity, depth, and interest to chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. It’s essential to have a good understanding of chord progressions and musical theory before attempting to incorporate this technique into your music. With practice, patience, and creativity, Modal Interchange can become a powerful tool in your musical arsenal.
Secondary Dominants
Secondary Dominants are a common technique used in Country Music Rhythm Guitar. Essentially, a Secondary Dominant is the chord that functions as the dominant of a chord other than the tonic. These chords are often used to add more harmonic interest and tension to a chord progression.
In practice, you can use the Secondary Dominant technique in a few different ways. Let’s take a closer look:
Technique | Description |
---|---|
Introducing New Chords: | By adding Secondary Dominants, you can introduce new chords that would typically be outside of the key, creating a temporary shift in harmony. For example, in the key of C, the V chord is G. But you could use a Secondary Dominant of G, which would be D Major (the V of G), to introduce a D chord. |
Leading into Chords: | You can also use Secondary Dominants to smoothly lead into chords that are not in the key. In the key of C, you could use a Secondary Dominant of F, which would be C7 (the V7 of F), to lead into an F chord. |
Creating a Strong Pull: | By using Secondary Dominants, you can create a strong pull towards a chord. For example, in the key of C, using the Secondary Dominant of G7 (the V7 of C) creates a strong pull towards the tonic chord. This can be used to build tension and anticipation in a chord progression. |
Secondary Dominants can add a lot of harmonic interest and variation to your Country Music Rhythm Guitar playing. However, like any technique, it’s important to use them in moderation and with good taste. With practice, you’ll be able to incorporate Secondary Dominants seamlessly into your playing, creating new and exciting sounds in your chord progressions.
Chromatic Chord Movement
One of the most interesting and complex chord progressions in Country Music Rhythm Guitar is the Chromatic Chord Movement. This technique involves moving between chords that share common tones with half-step movements. It creates a unique and exciting sound that can add depth and complexity to your chord progressions.
To better understand this technique, let’s take a look at an example progression:
Chord | Chromatic Movement |
---|---|
C | – |
C#dim | Up 1/2 step |
Dm | Up 1/2 step |
Eb | Up 1/2 step |
Ebdim | Up 1/2 step |
F | Up 1/2 step |
In this progression, the chords move up in half-steps, creating a sense of tension and release. The first chord, C, leads to a C#dim chord, which shares the same notes as a Ddim chord. This chord then resolves to a Dm chord, which shares the same notes as an Edim chord. The progression continues in this way until the final chord, F.
To incorporate this technique into your playing, try experimenting with different chord movements and resolutions. You can also add in seventh chords or other variations to create more interesting progressions. Just remember to keep the half-step movements consistent for a cohesive sound.
The chromatic chord movement is an advanced technique that can add a unique flavor to your Country Music Rhythm Guitar playing. With some practice and experimentation, you can incorporate it into your own music for a more complex and interesting sound.
Putting it All Together
As you’ve learned about chord progressions and their significance in country music rhythm guitar, it’s time to put it all together and see how these progressions can be applied in practice. This final section will provide you with some tips and tricks to help you master the art of chord progressions and elevate your rhythm guitar skills. So, let’s dive in and discover how to create beautiful and harmonious country music using your knowledge of chords and progressions.
Practice Tips
When it comes to practicing chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar, there are a few tips that can help improve your skills and make the process more enjoyable. Here are some practice tips to keep in mind:
Vary Your Progressions: | Try to practice different chord progressions each day. This will help you build a diverse range of skills and prevent getting stuck in a rut playing the same chords over and over again. You can experiment with the progressions listed above as well as create your own. |
Use a Metronome: | Practicing with a metronome will help you develop a sense of rhythm and timing. Start with a slow tempo and gradually increase as you become more comfortable with the progressions. |
Practice Slowly: | Don’t rush through the chords when you’re first starting out. Take the time to get each chord right before moving on to the next. This will also help with muscle memory and finger dexterity. |
Record Yourself: | Use your phone or computer to record yourself practicing. This will help you identify areas where you need improvement and also keep track of your progress over time. |
Join a Jam Session: | Find a local jam session or open mic night and join in. This will help you get real-world experience playing with other musicians and also provide an opportunity to learn new techniques and progressions. |
Take Breaks: | Don’t forget to take breaks during your practice sessions. This will help prevent fatigue and also give your brain time to absorb the new information you’re learning. |
Remember, practice makes perfect. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t get it right away. Keep practicing and eventually, you’ll be able to play chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar with ease.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Avoiding common mistakes is important when learning and applying chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. Here are some mistakes that beginners may make and how to avoid them:
Mistake | How to Avoid |
---|---|
Playing the wrong chords | Make sure to practice and memorize the chords for each progression. Use chord charts or diagrams to help you remember the correct fingerings. |
Not following the correct strumming pattern | Pay attention to the strumming pattern indicated in the sheet music or tutorial. Practice slowly and gradually increase the speed until you can play the pattern comfortably. |
Overplaying and not leaving enough space | Remember to leave space between the chords and strumming to create a more dynamic sound. Pay attention to the rhythm of the song and play accordingly. |
Ignoring chord variations and inversions | Experiment with different chord variations and inversions to add flavor and depth to your progression. Practice transitioning between these variations smoothly. |
Not understanding the theory behind the progressions | Take the time to understand the theory behind each chord progression. This will help you anticipate the next chord and add your own personal touch to the music. |
By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure a smoother and more enjoyable experience when applying chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar. Remember to practice regularly, take your time, and have fun with your music.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mastering chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar is a vital skill to have as a guitarist. By understanding the theory behind chord progressions and applying them in your playing, you can create beautiful and memorable music that will leave your audience wanting more.
It all begins with the basics: the I-IV-V and I-V-vi-IV progressions are the building blocks of many country songs. These progressions may seem simple, but they can be used to create countless variations and unique sounds.
As you become more comfortable with chord progressions, you can start exploring more advanced techniques: modal interchange, secondary dominants, and chromatic chord movement. These techniques involve adding new chords and flavors to your progressions, adding complexity and depth to your playing.
But no matter how advanced you get, it’s important not to forget the fundamentals: strumming patterns, chord inversions, and variations can all be used to make your progressions more interesting and dynamic. And don’t be afraid to add some spice to your playing with seventh chords and other embellishments.
Practice, practice, practice: becoming a great guitarist takes time and dedication. Set aside regular practice sessions to work on your chord progressions and techniques, and be patient with yourself as you learn.
Avoid common mistakes: playing the same progressions over and over can become boring, so don’t be afraid to experiment and try new things. And try not to rely too much on the same chords or progressions – mixing things up will help keep your playing fresh and interesting.
Remember, the most important thing is to have fun: don’t get too caught up in theory and technique that you forget why you started playing guitar in the first place. Enjoy the process of learning and creating, and let your love of music guide you on your journey to mastering chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a chord progression?
A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in a specific order. It is the backbone of any song or musical piece.
How important are chord progressions in country music?
Chord progressions are extremely important in country music as they help to create the signature sound and evoke the emotions associated with the genre.
What are the most common chord progressions used in country music rhythm guitar?
The most common chord progressions are the I-IV-V progression, I-V-vi-IV progression, I-IV-v-IV progression, and ii-V-I progression.
What are some strumming patterns that can be used with chord progressions?
Strumming patterns such as the down-strum, up-strum, and the alternating down-up strum can all be used with chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar.
What are chord inversions and how can they be used in country music rhythm guitar?
Chord inversions involve changing the order of notes within a chord. They can be used in country music rhythm guitar to create a unique sound and add variety to chord progressions.
What are seventh chords and how can they be used in country music rhythm guitar?
Seventh chords are chords that add a seventh note to the basic triad. They can be used in country music rhythm guitar to create tension and add flavor to chord progressions.
What is modal interchange and how can it be used in country music rhythm guitar?
Modal interchange involves borrowing chords from other modes or keys to create a unique sound. It can be used in country music rhythm guitar to add variety and depth to chord progressions.
What are secondary dominants and how can they be used in country music rhythm guitar?
Secondary dominants are chords that temporarily replace other chords in a progression. They can be used in country music rhythm guitar to add interest and create tension in chord progressions.
What is chromatic chord movement and how can it be used in country music rhythm guitar?
Chromatic chord movement involves using notes that are not part of the current key. It can be used in country music rhythm guitar to create a unique and unexpected sound in chord progressions.
What are some common mistakes to avoid when using chord progressions in country music rhythm guitar?
Common mistakes include using too many chord progressions in a single song, not varying the strumming pattern, and failing to add variation to the chord inversions and variations.